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In rare cases, antiresoprtive medications for osteoporosis cause osteonecrosis. Necrotic bone lesions localized at the jaw after the use of antiresorptive medications is named medicationrelated osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). Although some cases with MRONJ affect the paranasal sinus, inferior turbinate necrosis have not been reported in South Korea yet. Here, we report a case of inferior turbinate osteonecrosis that developed after denosumab had been used.
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Inverted papillomas are benign but invasive tumors with malignant potential characterized by a high recurrence rate. Although most cases arise from the nasal wall and paranasal sinuses, inverted papillomas originating from the nasolacrimal system have been rarely reported. We describe a rare case of an inverted papilloma in the left nasal cavity, which originated from the lacrimal sac in a 40-year-old female who had a medical history of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy at the department of ophthalmology. At first, it was believed to be an inverted papilloma simply occurring in the nasal cavity, but after several recurrences, it was found to originate from the lacrimal sac. All intranasal lesions and the involved lacrimal sac were removed through cooperative surgery between department of otolaryngology and ophthalmology. This case illustrates the importance of including nasolacrimal system in differentiating the origin of inverted papilloma.
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Background and Objectives@#We evaluated the symptom improvement, surgical outcomes and post-operative complications of the figure of 8 anchoring suture technique using polycaprolactone (PCL) nasal mesh for the treatment of caudal septal subluxation.Subjects and Method We conducted a retrospective study of patients who underwent between March 2020 and March 2021 endonasal septoplasty using the figure of 8 anchoring suture technique and a PCL nasal mesh as a protective supporting graft. Fourteen patients were divided into two groups, the allergic and non-allergic rhinitis group. Symptom improvements were assessed using the Nasal Obstruction Symptoms Evaluation (NOSE) scores and visual analog scale (VAS) scores for epistaxis and headache. Post-operative patient-reported subjective changes in nasal obstruction were also recorded. All evaluations were conducted one to four months post-operatively. @*Results@#Post-operative endoscopic examination revealed that all patients had their septum straightened. The mean post-operative NOSE scores in overall and each item were significantly lower than the mean NOSE scores in the pre-operative period (p<0.05). The mean post-operative NOSE scores for patients both with and without allergic rhinitis were also significantly decreased compared to those in the pre-operative period (p<0.05). A decrease in VAS scores was significant (p=0.008) for headache but not for epistaxis (p=0.141). All patients reported improvement of subjective nasal obstruction post-operatively. @*Conclusion@#The use of figure of 8 anchoring suture technique with a PCL nasal mesh as a protective and supportive graft was proven to be a successful method for correcting caudal septal subluxation.
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Left ventricular (LV) wall thickening, or LV hypertrophy (LVH), is common and occurs in diverse conditions including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), hypertensive heart disease, aortic valve stenosis, lysosomal storage disorders, cardiac amyloidosis, mitochondrial cardiomyopathy, sarcoidosis and athlete’s heart. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging provides various tissue contrasts and characteristics that reflect histological changes in the myocardium, such as cellular hypertrophy, cardiomyocyte disarray, interstitial fibrosis, extracellular accumulation of insoluble proteins, intracellular accumulation of fat, and intracellular vacuolar changes. Therefore, CMR imaging may be beneficial in establishing a differential diagnosis of LVH. Although various diseases share LV wall thickening as a common feature, the histologic changes that underscore each disease are distinct.This review focuses on CMR multiparametric myocardial analysis, which may provide clues for the differentiation of thickened myocardium based on the histologic features of HCM and its phenocopies.
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The Good’s syndrome is a rare immunodeficiency disease characterized by thymoma and hypogammaglobulinemia. The most common cause of infection in patients with Good’s syndrome is the recurrent sinopulmonary infection. One may assume that there could be an unknown immunocompromising condition such as Good’s syndrome in cases of chronic rhinosinusitis refractory to treatment. We experienced a patient with Good’s syndrome, presenting with chronic rhinosinusitis refractory to treatment. We report this case with a brief review of the literature.
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The Korean Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Korean Rhinologic Society appointed a guideline development group (GDG) to establish a clinical practice guideline, and the GDG developed a guideline for nasal irrigation for adult patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The guideline focuses on knowledge gaps, practice variations, and clinical concerns associated with nasal irrigation. Nasal irrigation has been recommended as the first-line treatment for CRS in various guidelines, and its clinical effectiveness has been demonstrated through a number of studies with robust evidence. However, no guidelines have presented a consistent nasal irrigation method. Several databases, including OVID Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and KoreaMed, were searched to identify all relevant papers using a predefined search strategy. When insufficient evidence was found, the GDG sought expert opinions and attempted to fill the evidence gap. Evidence-based recommendations for practice were ranked according to the American College of Physicians grading system. The committee developed 11 evidence-based recommendations. This guideline focuses on the evidence-based quality improvement opportunities deemed the most important by the GDG. Moreover, the guideline addresses whether nasal lavage helps treat CRS, what type of rinsing solution should be used, and the effectiveness of using additional medications to increase the therapeutic effect.
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Purpose@#This study aimed to evaluate the utility of the 16-cm axial volume scan technique for calculating the coronary artery calcium score (CACS) using non-enhanced chest CT. @*Materials and Methods@#This study prospectively enrolled 20 participants who underwent both, non-enhanced chest CT (16-cm-coverage axial volume scan technique) and calciumscore CT, with the same parameters, differing only in slice thickness (in non-enhanced chest CT = 0.625, 1.25, 2.5 mm; in calcium score CT = 2.5 mm). The CACS was calculated using the conventional Agatston method. The difference between the CACS obtained from the two CT scans was compared, and the degree of agreement for the clinical significance of the CACS was confirmed through sectional analysis. Each calcified lesion was classified by location and size, and a one-to-one comparison of non-contrast-enhanced chest CT and calcium score CT was performed. @*Results@#The correlation coefficients of the CACS obtained from the two CT scans for slice thickness of 2.5, 1.25, and 0.625 mm were 0.9850, 0.9688, and 0.9834, respectively. The mean differences between the CACS were -21.4% at 0.625 mm, -39.4% at 1.25 mm, and -76.2% at 2.5 mm slice thicknesses. Sectional analysis revealed that 16 (80%), 16 (80%), and 13 (65%) patients showed agreement for the degree of coronary artery disease at each slice interval, respectively. Inter-reader agreement was high for each slice interval. The 0.625 mm CT showed the highest sensitivity for detecting calcified lesions. @*Conclusion@#The values in the non-contrast-enhanced chest CT, using the 16-cm axial volume scan technique, were similar to those obtained using the CACS in the calcium score CT, at 0.625 mm slice thickness without electrocardiogram gating. This can ultimately help predict cardiovascular risk without additional radiation exposure.
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Background@#Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is the mainstay treatment for refractory chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Since various factors may contribute to the surgical outcome, it is challenging for physicians to predict surgical outcomes. The aim of study was to analyze the prognostic factors of postoperative outcomes and to establish the prediction model with the risk factors that impact the postoperative outcomes. @*Methods@#Medical records of CRS patients who underwent ESS at 9 institutions in 2005, 2010, and 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. We classified the patients into 2 groups based on postoperative objective endoscopic outcomes. Demographics, nose-specific symptoms, olfactory function, eosinophil counts in blood (EoB) and nasal tissue (EoT), and LundMackay CT score (LMS) were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed and established a prediction equation for postoperative endoscopic objective outcomes. @*Results@#In total (n = 1,249), 27.0% were not satisfied under postoperative endoscopic examination. Of 10 variables, LMS (> 5), sinus dominancy (maxillary sinus and ethmoid sinus), EoB (> 210), and EoT (> 100) were statistically significant in univariate analysis (P 100) and LMS (> 5) were significantly associated with poor postoperative outcome. Furthermore, 5 significant variables were employed to establish the risk model of postoperative outcomes and P (the value of prediction probability) = 1 / (1 + exp [−0.392 + 1.088 × EoT (> 100) + 0.123 × mean LMS (> 5) − 0.366 × sinus dominancy (maxillary) + 0.064 × sinus dominancy (similar) + 0.200 × EoB (4%) + 0.344 × EoB (> 210)] was developed. @*Conclusion@#Tissue eosinophil count and radiographic severity predispose to a poorer outcome of ESS and the risk model established may be helpful to predict postoperative outcomes of ESS.
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Background@#Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is the mainstay treatment for refractory chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Since various factors may contribute to the surgical outcome, it is challenging for physicians to predict surgical outcomes. The aim of study was to analyze the prognostic factors of postoperative outcomes and to establish the prediction model with the risk factors that impact the postoperative outcomes. @*Methods@#Medical records of CRS patients who underwent ESS at 9 institutions in 2005, 2010, and 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. We classified the patients into 2 groups based on postoperative objective endoscopic outcomes. Demographics, nose-specific symptoms, olfactory function, eosinophil counts in blood (EoB) and nasal tissue (EoT), and LundMackay CT score (LMS) were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed and established a prediction equation for postoperative endoscopic objective outcomes. @*Results@#In total (n = 1,249), 27.0% were not satisfied under postoperative endoscopic examination. Of 10 variables, LMS (> 5), sinus dominancy (maxillary sinus and ethmoid sinus), EoB (> 210), and EoT (> 100) were statistically significant in univariate analysis (P 100) and LMS (> 5) were significantly associated with poor postoperative outcome. Furthermore, 5 significant variables were employed to establish the risk model of postoperative outcomes and P (the value of prediction probability) = 1 / (1 + exp [−0.392 + 1.088 × EoT (> 100) + 0.123 × mean LMS (> 5) − 0.366 × sinus dominancy (maxillary) + 0.064 × sinus dominancy (similar) + 0.200 × EoB (4%) + 0.344 × EoB (> 210)] was developed. @*Conclusion@#Tissue eosinophil count and radiographic severity predispose to a poorer outcome of ESS and the risk model established may be helpful to predict postoperative outcomes of ESS.
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Subject(s)
Humans , Aspergillosis , Ethics Committees, Research , Fungi , Korea , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Mycetoma , Paranasal Sinuses , Retrospective Studies , SinusitisABSTRACT
Objective@#To compare native and post-contrast T1 mapping with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging for detectingand measuring the microvascular obstruction (MVO) area in reperfused acute myocardial infarction (MI). @*Materials and Methods@#This study included 20 patients with acute MI who had undergone 1.5T cardiovascular magneticresonance imaging (CMR) after reperfusion therapy. CMR included cine imaging, LGE, and T1 mapping (modified look-lockerinversion recovery). MI size was calculated from LGE by full-width at half-maximum technique. MVO was defined as an areawith low signal intensity (LGE) or as a region of visually distinguishable T1 values (T1 maps) within infarcted myocardium.Regional T1 values were measured in MVO, infarcted, and remote myocardium on T1 maps. MVO area was measured on andcompared among LGE, native, and post-contrast T1 maps. @*Results@#The mean MI size was 27.1 ± 9.7% of the left ventricular mass. Of the 20 identified MVOs, 18 (90%) were detectedon native T1 maps, while 10 (50%) were recognized on post-contrast T1 maps. The mean native T1 values of MVO, infarcted,and remote myocardium were 1013.5 ± 58.5, 1240.9 ± 55.8 (p < 0.001), and 1062.2 ± 55.8 ms (p = 0.169), respectively, whilethe mean post-contrast T1 values were 466.7 ± 26.8, 399.1 ± 21.3, and 585.2 ± 21.3 ms, respectively (p < 0.001). The meanMVO areas on LGE, native, and post-contrast T1 maps were 134.1 ± 81.2, 133.7 ± 80.4, and 117.1 ± 53.3 mm2, respectively.The median (interquartile range) MVO areas on LGE, native, and post-contrast T1 maps were 128.0 (58.1–215.4), 110.5(67.7–227.9), and 143.0 (76.7–155.3) mm2, respectively (p = 0.002). Concordance correlation coefficients for the MVO areabetween LGE and native T1 maps, LGE and post-contrast T1 maps, and native and post-contrast T1 maps were 0.770, 0.375,and 0.565, respectively. @*Conclusion@#MVO areas were accurately delineated on native T1 maps and showed high concordance with the areas measuredon LGE. However, post-contrast T1 maps had low detection rates and underestimated MVO areas. Collectively, native T1 mappingis a useful tool for detecting MVO within the infarcted myocardium.
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Background and Objectives@#This study was investigated to compare the clinical outcomes and complications of powered intracapsular tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (PITA) with those of conventional extracapsular tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (ECTA) in treatment of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).Subjects and Method Eighty-one children with adenotonsillar hyperplasia underwent tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (46 PITA and 35 ECTA) from December 2016 to July 2017 for OSA. The choice of surgical procedure (PITA vs. ECTA) was determined by the number of episodes of acute tonsillitis. The quality of life measurement was performed using Korean Obstructive Sleep Apnea Survey (KOSA-18) score. Postoperative bleeding was assessed as number of revisit or readmission. Postoperative pain was evaluated by visual analog scale (VAS) at postoperative day 1, 3, and 7. @*Results@#PITA and ECTA significantly reduced KOSA-18 scores postoperatively (p＜0.01, p＜0.01, respectively) and were equally effective in pediatric OSA treatment. Postoperative bleeding was lower in the PITA group, but there was no statistical difference due to small number of cases. VAS score for postoperative pain was significantly lower in the PITA group at day 1, 3, and 7 (p=0.03, p＜0.01, and p＜0.01, respectively). @*Conclusion@#PITA is effective in pediatric OSA treatment with less morbidity, and less complications.
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BACKGROUND@#Central dark-signal intensity with high-signal, hypertrophic mucosal wall of paranasal sinuses on T2-weighted images (T2WI) is a characteristic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) feature of sinonasal fungus ball. However, this finding is usually interpreted as non-fungal chronic sinusitis with central normal sinus air. In addition, T1-weighted images (T1WI) and T2WI are basic sequences of all magnetic resonance (MR) examinations. Therefore, we evaluated the usefulness of T1WI for detecting fungus balls comparing with computed tomography (CT) findings and T2-weighted MRI findings.@*METHODS@#This retrospective study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Korea University Guro Hospital. Two reviewers assessed preoperative CT and MR images of 55 patients with pathologically confirmed fungus balls. Reviewers evaluated the presence and patterns of calcifications on CT. Overall signals and the presence and extent of certain signals of fungus balls on MRI were also assessed. The relationship between calcifications and MRI signals was also evaluated.@*RESULTS@#Of the patients, 89.1% had calcifications on CT. All had dark signal portions with high signal, hypertrophic mucosal walls on T2WI. Most (92.7%) patients showed iso- to hyper-intense overall signals on T1WI and 89.1% had T1-weighted high signal portions on MRI. The presence, patterns, and location of calcifications had no significant correlation with T1-weighted high-signal intensity portion.@*CONCLUSION@#Fungus ball can be suggested by the presence of the hyper-signal intensity portions in the fungal mass on T1WI in conjunction with dark-signal lesions surrounded by high-signal, hypertrophic mucosal walls in paranasal sinuses on T2WI.
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BACKGROUND@#Central dark-signal intensity with high-signal, hypertrophic mucosal wall of paranasal sinuses on T2-weighted images (T2WI) is a characteristic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) feature of sinonasal fungus ball. However, this finding is usually interpreted as non-fungal chronic sinusitis with central normal sinus air. In addition, T1-weighted images (T1WI) and T2WI are basic sequences of all magnetic resonance (MR) examinations. Therefore, we evaluated the usefulness of T1WI for detecting fungus balls comparing with computed tomography (CT) findings and T2-weighted MRI findings.@*METHODS@#This retrospective study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Korea University Guro Hospital. Two reviewers assessed preoperative CT and MR images of 55 patients with pathologically confirmed fungus balls. Reviewers evaluated the presence and patterns of calcifications on CT. Overall signals and the presence and extent of certain signals of fungus balls on MRI were also assessed. The relationship between calcifications and MRI signals was also evaluated.@*RESULTS@#Of the patients, 89.1% had calcifications on CT. All had dark signal portions with high signal, hypertrophic mucosal walls on T2WI. Most (92.7%) patients showed iso- to hyper-intense overall signals on T1WI and 89.1% had T1-weighted high signal portions on MRI. The presence, patterns, and location of calcifications had no significant correlation with T1-weighted high-signal intensity portion.@*CONCLUSION@#Fungus ball can be suggested by the presence of the hyper-signal intensity portions in the fungal mass on T1WI in conjunction with dark-signal lesions surrounded by high-signal, hypertrophic mucosal walls in paranasal sinuses on T2WI.
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PURPOSE: Vitamin D is a potent immunomodulator. However, its role in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis is unclear. METHODS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiallergic effect of intranasally applied vitamin D in an allergic rhinitis mouse model. BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and alum before they were intranasally challenged with OVA. Then, they were intranasally administered 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (0.02 μg) or solvent. Allergic symptom scores, eosinophil infiltration, cytokine mRNA levels (interleukin [IL]-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13 and interferon-γ) in the nasal tissue, and serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and OVA-specific IgE, IgG1, and IgG2a were analyzed and compared with negative and positive control groups. Cervical lymph nodes (LNs) were harvested for flow cytometry analysis and cell proliferation assay. RESULTS: In the treatment group, allergic symptom scores, eosinophil infiltration, and mRNA levels of IL-4 and IL-13 were significantly lower in the nasal tissue than in the positive control group. The IL-5 mRNA level, serum total IgE, and OVA-specific IgE and IgG1 levels decreased in the treatment group; however, the difference was not significant. In the cervical LNs, CD86 expression had been down-regulated in CD11c+major histocompatibility complex II-high (MHCIIhigh) in the treatment group. Additionally, IL-4 secretion in the lymphocyte culture from cervical LNs significantly decreased. CONCLUSIONS: The results confirm the antiallergic effect of intranasal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. It decreases CD 86 expression among CD11c+MHCIIhigh cells and T-helper type 2-mediated inflammation in the cervical LNs. Therefore, topically applied 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 can be a future therapeutic agent for allergic rhinitis.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Administration, Intranasal , Anti-Allergic Agents , Calcitriol , Cell Proliferation , Dendritic Cells , Eosinophils , Flow Cytometry , Immunoglobulin E , Immunoglobulin G , Immunoglobulins , Inflammation , Interleukin-10 , Interleukin-13 , Interleukin-4 , Interleukin-5 , Lymph Nodes , Lymphocytes , Major Histocompatibility Complex , Models, Animal , Ovalbumin , Ovum , Rhinitis, Allergic , RNA, Messenger , Vitamin DABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: There is a great deal of interest in the possibility that environmental factors may influence the risk of developing allergic rhinitis (AR) in early life. We investigated the simultaneous effects of mode of delivery and duration of breastfeeding on the development of AR in children. METHODS: Data from 1,374 children participating in the Allergic Rhinitis Cohort Study for kids (ARCO-kids study) was analyzed. All subjects were divided into AR or non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) groups. Data on environmental factors, mode of delivery and duration of breastfeeding were collected using a questionnaire. RESULTS: Compared with short-term breastfeeding (<6 months), long-term breastfeeding (≥12 months) was significantly associated with a lower prevalence of AR (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34 to 0.88). Children in the AR group also had a higher cesarean delivery rate than those in the NAR group (39.1% vs. 32.8%, P=0.05). Regarding the combined effects of mode of delivery and duration of breastfeeding, long-term breastfeeding with a vaginal delivery strongly suppressed the development of AR, compared to short-term breastfeeding with a cesarean delivery (aOR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.30 to 0.73). CONCLUSION: Long-term breastfeeding (≥12 months) and a vaginal delivery are associated with a lower risk of developing childhood AR.
Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Breast Feeding , Cesarean Section , Cohort Studies , Delivery, Obstetric , Odds Ratio , Prevalence , Rhinitis , Rhinitis, AllergicABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Autophagy is a highly balanced process in which lysosomes remove aged and damaged organelles and cellular proteins. Autophagy is essential to maintain homeostasis in the kidneys. METHODS: Using human renal tubule cells HK-2, we assessed the impact of high glucose (HG) on autophagy. We also evaluated the capability of sulforaphane (SFN) to protect the HK-2 cells from HG-induced apoptosis by modulating autophagy. RESULTS: SFN modulated autophagy and decreased apoptosis in the HK-2 cells that were cultured in 250 mM glucose medium for two days. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels increased, as expected, in the cells cultured in the 250 mM glucose medium. However, the SFN decreased the ROS levels in the HK-2 cells. The overexpression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) by SFN decreased the expression of LC3 and beclin-1. LC3 and beclin-1 were involved in the downregulation of caspase-3 that was observed in the HG-induced cells. CONCLUSION: The activation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)–HO–1 inhibited ROS expression and subsequently attenuated autophagy and cell apoptosis after HG injury was decreased. HG injury led to the activation of autophagy and HO-1 in order to combat oxidative stress and protect against cell apoptosis. Therefore, HO-1 activation can prevent ROS development and oxidative stress during HG injury, which considerably decreases autophagy and apoptosis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Apoptosis , Autophagy , Caspase 3 , Diabetic Nephropathies , Down-Regulation , Glucose , Heme Oxygenase-1 , Homeostasis , Kidney , Lysosomes , NF-E2-Related Factor 2 , Organelles , Oxidative Stress , Reactive Oxygen SpeciesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study aims to verify the usefulness of Centor scores to diagnose the Group A Streptococcal pharyngitis. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: The subjects of this study were 379 patients who had been examined by the rapid antigen detection test (RADT) for Group A Streptococcus. We analyzed their medical records and laboratory test results retrospectively and compared the results of Centor symptom scores with those of RADT. Then we analyzed the association of RADT, the Centor score and the laboratory test results statistically. RESULTS: There were no correlation between the RADT results and fever, cough, tonsillar enlargement, nasal symptoms, myalgia or chilling (p>0.05). In the RADT positive group, there were more patients with tonsillar exudate, neck lymph node enlargement, tenderness and pharyngeal abscess formation significantly (p<0.05). The Centor score and C-reactive protein were significantly higher in the RADT positive group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that Centor symptom scores can be used to determine which antibiotics to use. The Centor score system can help reduce medical costs and detect the problematic Group A Streptococcal pharyngitis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Abscess , Anti-Bacterial Agents , C-Reactive Protein , Cough , Decision Making , Diagnosis , Exudates and Transudates , Fever , Lymph Nodes , Medical Records , Methods , Myalgia , Neck , Pharyngitis , Retrospective Studies , Streptococcus , Streptococcus pyogenesABSTRACT
The cutaneous myiasis has been rarely reported in the Republic of Korea. We intended to describe here a case of furuncular cutaneous myiasis caused by Cordylobia anthropophaga larvae in a Korean traveler returned from Central Africa. A patient, 55-year-old man, had traveled to Equatorial Guinea, in Central Africa for a month and just returned to Korea. Physical examinations showed 2 tender erythematous nodules with small central ulceration on the left buttock and thigh. During skin biopsy, 2 larvae came out from the lesion. C. anthropophaga was identified by paired mouth hooks (toothed, spade-like, oral hooklets) and 2 posterior spiracles, which lack a distinct chitinous rim. Although rarely described in Korea until now, cutaneous myiasis may be encountered more frequently with increasing international travel and exchange workers to tropical areas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Africa, Central , Biopsy , Buttocks , Chitin , Equatorial Guinea , Korea , Larva , Mouth , Myiasis , Physical Examination , Republic of Korea , Skin , Thigh , UlcerABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES@#This study aims to verify the usefulness of Centor scores to diagnose the Group A Streptococcal pharyngitis.SUBJECTS AND METHOD: The subjects of this study were 379 patients who had been examined by the rapid antigen detection test (RADT) for Group A Streptococcus. We analyzed their medical records and laboratory test results retrospectively and compared the results of Centor symptom scores with those of RADT. Then we analyzed the association of RADT, the Centor score and the laboratory test results statistically.@*RESULTS@#There were no correlation between the RADT results and fever, cough, tonsillar enlargement, nasal symptoms, myalgia or chilling (p>0.05). In the RADT positive group, there were more patients with tonsillar exudate, neck lymph node enlargement, tenderness and pharyngeal abscess formation significantly (p<0.05). The Centor score and C-reactive protein were significantly higher in the RADT positive group (p<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The results of this study suggest that Centor symptom scores can be used to determine which antibiotics to use. The Centor score system can help reduce medical costs and detect the problematic Group A Streptococcal pharyngitis.